HONOLULU (KHON2) -- Exploring the beautiful landscapes of Hawaii is a fantastic way to enjoy nature, but the hot and humid weather can pose serious risks.
Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are two critical conditions to be aware of when engaging in outdoor activities.
KHON2.com was able to sit down with Dr. Philip Verhoef, an Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the John A. Burns School of Medicine, who provided essential insights on how to stay safe.
Understanding heat exhaustion and heat stroke
According to Dr. Verhoef, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are on a spectrum.
"Heat exhaustion happens when you've become so hot that you start to be unable to cool yourself with your body's natural mechanisms," he explained.
Sweating helps cool us down, but sometimes it's not enough, especially in extreme heat.
Dr. Verhoef emphasizes the importance of hydration, recommending drinking at least a quart of water per hour during intense heat.
Despite staying hydrated, you can still suffer from heat exhaustion. "Feeling more tired, developing a headache, or feeling nauseous are early signs," said Dr. Verhoef. If these symptoms persist, it's crucial to find ways to cool down.
Heat stroke, the more severe condition, affects brain function. "When it's heat stroke, your body has gotten so hot that it's not able to deliver blood to your brain properly," Dr. Verhoef noted.
Symptoms include confusion, dizziness, and even passing out. Heat stroke can cause brain damage and harm other organs like the kidneys and heart if not treated promptly.
Preventing heat-related illnesses
Hydration is key. Dr. Verhoef advises drinking water regularly and avoiding sugary or alcoholic beverages that can dehydrate you. He also recommends taking breaks in shaded or cool areas and wearing light, breathable clothing.
When hiking or engaging in other outdoor activities, listen to your body. If you start to feel unwell, stop and rest.
"It's important to recognize the signs early and take action to cool down," Dr. Verhoef emphasized.
For those watching someone else, look for signs like confusion or lack of sweating.
"If someone stops sweating, it means they're severely dehydrated and need immediate help," warned Dr. Verhoef. In such cases, move them to a cooler place, give them water, and seek medical attention if necessary.
Staying safe in Hawaii's heat
Hiking trails like the Kuliʻouʻou Ridge Trail offer stunning views, but the combination of heat and physical exertion can be dangerous. Dr. Verhoef suggests planning activities during cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or late afternoon.
In addition to hydration and taking breaks, using cooling aids like wet cloths or fans can help manage body temperature.
"Any number of different things can help stay cool and avoid heat exhaustion and heat stroke," said Dr. Verhoef.
Enjoying Hawaii's natural beauty is a wonderful experience, but it's essential to be mindful of the heat. By staying hydrated, recognizing early signs of heat-related illnesses, and taking preventive measures, you can ensure your outdoor adventures are safe and enjoyable.